Distributive flow control in multihop ad hoc communication networks

نویسنده

  • Ingmar Glauche
چکیده

Wireless multihop ad hoc communication networks represent an infrastructureless and self-organised generalisation of todays wireless cellular networks. Lacking a central control authority, the ad hoc devices (nodes) have to organise data traffic and information flow by use of distributive, local control actions such that the overall, global system performs in an optimal way. One important issue is the connectivity of a network which is a prerequisite for multihop connections between participating nodes. A simple distributed protocol is constructed by referring to continuum percolation, guaranteeing strong connectivity almost surely and independently of various spatial arrangements of ad hoc nodes. For the statistical analysis of the dynamical properties of data traffic a generic simulation model is developed that includes the relevant mechanisms of a real-world scenario. By introducing graph theoretical measures an analytical understanding is provided on a global as well as on a local, single-node scale. The overall network performance is limited by heavily used bottelneck nodes. These limitations are removed with a newly developed distributed routing algorithm based on the idea of adaptive distance vector routing. The algorithm is able to independently learn about the congestion state of the network and to adapt the routing decisions to local changes in the network load. Zusammenfassung Drahtlose multihop ad hoc Kommunikationsnetze stellen eine selbstorganisierende Verallgemeinerung heutiger zellulärer Netze dar. Da diese ad hoc Netze ohne zentrale Kontrolleinheiten arbeiten, ist es Aufgabe der beteiligten Geräte (Knoten) selbständig ein Netzwerk aufzubauen, das durch lokale Regeln den Austausch von Daten ermöglicht und dabei zu einem optimalen Gesamtzustand des Systems führt. Eine erste wichtige Frage ist die nach der Verknüpftheit des Netzwerkes, die eine Grundvoraussetzung für multihop Verbindungen zwischen einzelnen Knoten darstellt. In Anlehnung an die Kontinuumsperkolation wird ein lokales Protokoll vorgestellt, das Verknüpftheit weitgehend sichert und sich unabhängig auf verschiedene räumliche Anordnungen der ad hoc Knoten einstellt. Für die statistische Analyse der dynamischen Eigenschaften des Datenverkehrs auf speziellen ad hoc Netzen wird ein realitätsnahes Simulationsmodell aufgestellt. Durch die Einführung graphentheoretischer Maße können sowohl globale wie auch lokale Observable adäquat beschrieben werden. Die Gesamtleistung des Systems wird durch besonders häufig genutzte Knoten beschränkt. Durch die Einführung eines neuartigen, lokalen Algorithmus zur Steuerung des Datenverkehrs können diese Beschränkungen umgangen werden. Der Algorithmus ist in der Lage, selbständig den Lastzustand des Netzwerkes zu erlernen und darüber hinaus den Datenverkehrsfluss der lokalen Lastverteilung anzupassen.

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تاریخ انتشار 1977